Shoulder Pain? New Research Reveals Which Exercises Work Best

By Boris Feldman, Physiotherapist at Salbar Fysiotherapie

Shoulder pain is one of the most common reasons people seek physiotherapy. Diagnoses such as rotator cuff tendinopathy, shoulder impingement, bursitis, and partial rotator cuff tears are frequently seen in clinical practice.

Although these conditions have different names, they often belong to the broader category of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP).

What does the latest research show?

A major 2025 systematic review analyzed nearly 950 patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain and compared seven different exercise approaches.

The key finding was clear: progressive strengthening exercises for the rotator cuff provided the greatest improvements in both pain reduction and shoulder function.

In simple terms: shoulders generally respond well to appropriate loading.

Why does shoulder pain develop?

The problem is rarely caused by a tendon alone.

Several factors influence shoulder health:

• rotator cuff strength;

• scapular control;

• posture;

• thoracic spine mobility;

• neck function;

• physical conditioning;

• metabolic health and diabetes.

This is why successful treatment usually involves more than passive therapies alone.

Which exercises are most effective?

At Salbar Fysiotherapie we commonly use:

• external rotation exercises;

• internal rotation exercises;

• scaption;

• serratus punch;

• wall slides;

• farmer carries;

• overhead carries.

These exercises help restore strength, stability and confidence in shoulder movement.

Should you exercise through pain?

Not necessarily.

Mild discomfort can be acceptable, but severe pain is not the goal.

A practical guideline is:

• pain during exercise should remain below 3-4 out of 10;

• symptoms should return to baseline within 24 hours.

Could the neck be involved?

Absolutely.

Cervical spine problems can mimic shoulder disorders. Therefore, we assess not only the shoulder joint but also the neck, thoracic spine and scapular mechanics.

When should you seek physiotherapy?

If you experience:

• shoulder pain lasting more than 2–3 weeks;

• night pain;

• difficulty lifting your arm;

• pain during work or sports;

• weakness in the arm;

• professional assessment may help prevent long-term problems.

Final Thoughts

Modern physiotherapy increasingly relies on evidence-based practice. Current research supports what clinicians observe every day: properly prescribed exercise is one of the most effective tools for shoulder rehabilitation.

At Salbar Fysiotherapie, every treatment plan is tailored to the individual patient, their diagnosis, lifestyle and goals.

Movement is often the key to recovery.